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Ban directly affects critical minerals such as gallium, germanium and antimony, essential for semiconductors and advanced technologies; China dominates 90% of the global market and intensifies trade tensions with the US.
China’s recent ban on exports of critical minerals to the United States has raised alarm bells worldwide. The move marks a new chapter in trade tensions between the world’s two largest economies and highlights the strategic importance of these resources. But what is really at stake? And how does this impact the geopolitical balance?
What are critical minerals and why are they important?
Critical minerals such as gallium, germanium and antimony are indispensable materials for the production of advanced technologies, such as semiconductors, batteries and optical devices. These resources are called “critical” because of their relevance to economic and national security, as well as their scarcity in supply chains outside China.
In the US, China’s dominance in the production of these minerals is seen as a strategic vulnerability. After all, relying on a single supplier in times of trade tensions is like walking through a minefield – one wrong move could have a devastating impact.
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Beijing’s decision: a strategic response?
Beijing has banned exports of gallium, germanium and antimony, as well as graphite, which is widely used in electric vehicle batteries. These materials are crucial to high-tech and defense industries, making the move all the more significant.
While China has not openly stated its motivations, experts suggest that the move is a response to US restrictions on semiconductor technologies. Beijing appears to be using these minerals as a “trump card” in its trade strategy.
The global impact of the measure
The ban is challenging global companies to maintain production of semiconductors, which are essential for electronics and vehicles. Shortages of critical minerals could trigger higher costs and slow technological innovation.
Governments and companies around the world are racing to find alternative suppliers. Canada, Germany and Japan are already being explored as viable options, but establishing a robust supply chain outside of China will take years.
US and allies: reactions and strategies
The US and its allies have stepped up efforts to diversify suppliers. Initiatives such as the Critical Minerals Partnership aim to create a more resilient market that is less dependent on the Chinese monopoly.
O The West is investing heavily in projects mining and processing. For example, in southwestern Montana, the presence of gallium has been confirmed, highlighting a significant step toward mineral independence.
The future of trade relations between the two powers
The restrictions could lead to an escalation in trade tensions or even an economic “decoupling” between countries. The impact will be felt globally, especially in technology and defense markets.
In the meantime, cautious cooperation may be a way out. Establishing clear trade rules and investing in innovation to reduce dependence on critical minerals are strategies that can avoid a prolonged crisis.
China's ban on critical minerals is a wake-up call to the importance of diversifying supply chains and strengthening international partnerships. As the U.S. and allies work to reduce dependence on China, the world faces a race against time to balance economic power and technological innovation.
