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Multifunctional material could transform buildings into energy sources and represent a milestone in sustainable construction
A new type of cement, developed by Chinese researchers, could transform the way we deal with energy in cities. The innovative material, made based on the structure of plant stems, generates and stores electricity from heat.
The discovery represents an important advance in the use of thermoelectric materials in civil construction.
Plant structure as a model for innovation
The project is led by Professor Zhou Yang from Southeast University of China. The inspiration came from nature.
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More specifically, the internal organization of plant stems, which have well-defined layers to transport nutrients.
This logic was applied to materials engineering through a multilayer structure formed by cement and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel.
This combination imitates the natural organization of the stems, solving one of the main problems of common cement: low ionic mobility.
By facilitating the passage of ions, the new material can convert heat into electrical energy much more efficiently.
High thermal efficiency and impressive performance
The numbers recorded are impressive. The new cement achieved a Seebeck coefficient of −40,5 mV/K, in addition to a factor of merit (ZT) of 6,6×10⁻².
These rates represent a sixteen-fold increase compared to other similar materials already tested.
The structure favors the displacement of hydroxyl ions (OH⁻) by the hydrogel, while calcium ions (Ca²⁺) are more retained at the interface with the cement.
This controlled difference in ion movement enhances the thermoelectric effect. In addition, the multilayer configuration improves the mechanical strength of the composite, making it suitable for robust constructions.
Generator and battery in one material
In addition to generating energy, the new cement also stores it. This means that it works as a thermoelectric generator and, at the same time, as a storage system.
This feature makes it ideal for smart infrastructures, such as roads, bridges and buildings that require constant energy to power sensors and devices without relying on external sources.
Performance is enhanced by multiple interfaces within the material structure. These interfaces enhance electrochemical reactions between components, which further improves system efficiency.
Impact and uses in sustainable cities
Thermoelectric cement has the potential to change the energy landscape of cities. It can be used to convert ambient or waste heat into useful energy, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Furthermore, by powering sensors directly, it avoids the use of disposable batteries.
Another benefit is the contribution to the circular economy in civil construction. With this technology, materials not only build, but also generate and manage energy.
This reduces the environmental impact of cement, one of the largest carbon emitters on the planet.
With these advances, the proposal aligns with sustainability goals and could mark the beginning of a new era in urban architecture: the era of cities that produce their own energy.
Published in Science Bulletin, the study shows how the union between natural inspiration and technological innovation can open concrete paths towards cleaner, more efficient and energy-independent cities.
