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After the end of the Cold War, trade tensions between the United States and China increased. A Ford car helped calm things down
O Ford Tempo is one of those almost forgotten figures of the automotive world. A reliable but discreet compact that was present on the streets of the USA during the 1980s and early 1990s, before quietly disappearing.
Although its mechanical characteristics were ordinary, the role it played in world history was extraordinary. Unexpectedly, this car became a link in the complex diplomatic relationship between the United States and China at a critical moment in global history.
A car and the post-Cold War scenario
After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, relations between the United States and China have faced a major test.
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For decades, mutual opposition to the Soviet Union had been a unifying factor. However, with the disappearance of the common enemy, the differences between the two countries began to become more evident.
This already delicate relationship was severely shaken in 1989, following the Chinese government's violent crackdown on pro-democracy protests in Tiananmen Square.
The international response was immediate and harsh. The United States imposed economic sanctions, suspended arms exports and pushed for political reforms during the 7 G1990 summit.
Despite this, the doors of trade between the two countries remained ajar, partly due to the need to preserve a channel of dialogue.
It is in this context that the Ford Tempo enters the scene, playing an unexpected role. Through a strategic trade agreement, it has become a symbol of economic cooperation and a deliberate effort to maintain diplomatic relations in turbulent times.
The Ford Tempo as a diplomatic solution
Diplomacy often finds curious ways of manifesting itself. In the early 1990s, one of the strategies for maintaining trade and diplomatic relations between the US and China was the export of American cars to the Asian country.
Among these vehicles was the Ford Tempo, which was ordered in large quantities by the Chinese government.
This deal marked Ford's first major venture into China. Initially, 3.010 Ford Tempos were ordered, a number that would later be increased to 8.200 vehicles.
The magnitude of the order became historic, being the largest fleet order ever recorded by Ford up to that point.
Specific modifications for the Chinese market
Although the Ford Tempo was already a hugely popular model in the United States – 35.149 coupes and 154.762 sedans were sold in 1992 alone – the car had to undergo several adaptations to meet the specific needs of China. Some of the major changes included:
- Ability to use leaded fuel: While the US had already abandoned the use of this type of fuel, it was still common in China.
- Reinforced suspension: Roads in China were more challenging than those in the United States, requiring greater durability from the suspension system.
- Electrical Wiring Updates: The climate and local conditions called for greater resistance in the electrical components.
- Instrument panel converted to metric system: This change was essential so that Chinese drivers could use the vehicle with ease.
These adaptations demonstrate how Ford customized the product to meet the demands of the Chinese market, something that also served to strengthen the brand's image abroad.
1992 Ford Tempo Technical Specifications
The Ford Tempo offered two engine options, each with distinct characteristics:
| Motor | Modules | Torque | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.3L NA HSC I4 | 96 cv | 128 lb-ft | Manual and Automatic |
| 3.0L NA Vulcan V6 | 135 cv | 150 lb-ft | Manual and Automatic |
Although modest in performance, the Ford Tempo won over with its reliability and cost-benefit, essential characteristics for use in public fleets.
The economic dimension of the agreement
The deal with Ford generated $32 million in revenue from sales of the Ford Tempo alone, while total sales of American vehicles, including General Motors and Chrysler, reached $130 million.
Adjusting for inflation, this amount would be equivalent to about $296 million today. This deal was beneficial to both parties: the US strengthened its exports to China, while the Chinese diversified their automotive market, reducing their dependence on Japanese and German imports.
At the time, China was highly dependent on brands such as Toyota and Volkswagen. The Volkswagen Santana, for example, was the best-selling car in the country between the mid-1980s and 1990s.
The introduction of American cars, such as the Ford Tempo, offered the Chinese a competitive alternative, increasing their bargaining power with other automotive suppliers.
The use of Ford Tempos in China
Cars exported to China were not made available for private sale. Instead, they were largely used as official government vehicles, taxis, and rental cars for tourists.
This strategic use increased the model's visibility in Chinese territory, reinforcing the American presence in the local market.
While many of these vehicles have been scrapped over the years, some still stand the test of time. In 2012, for example, you could buy a used Ford Tempo in China for around 25.000 yuan, or roughly $3.400.
Today, these cars are considered relics, sought after by collectors who see them not just as a vehicle, but as a piece of diplomatic and automotive history.
Lasting Impact on US-China Relations
The Ford Tempo played a small but significant role in maintaining trade and diplomatic relations between the United States and China.
At a time of political and economic tensions, the export of these vehicles helped to preserve dialogue between the two powers.
This collaborative effort laid the foundation for a business relationship that continues to this day, albeit with challenges and complexities.
In 2022, the US and China traded an estimated $758,4 billion in goods and services, with US exports reaching nearly $200 billion.
