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Plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental challenges on the planet, especially for the oceans. In search of sustainable solutions, Japanese scientists have developed a recyclable plastic that dissolves completely in seawater without generating microplastics, reducing harm to marine life.
Japanese researchers have created an innovative plastic that dissolves completely in seawater without generating microplastics. This advancement could revolutionize the industry and reduce marine pollution.
Plastic is one of the biggest pollutants in the oceans. Tiny fragments, called microplastics, are ingested by animals marine and can reach humans.
To combat this problem, scientists at the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), led by Takuzo Aida, have developed a biodegradable and recyclable material.
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How does it work?
This new plastic is made from supramolecular polymers, a type of material whose molecules are held together by reversible interactions. It is composed of two ionic monomers:
- Sodium hexametaphosphate, a common food additive.
- Guanidinium-based monomers, which guarantee flexibility and resistance.
The big advantage is that both compounds can be degraded by marine bacteria. Thus, the plastic disappears completely when it comes into contact with ocean water.
The role of desalination in production
During the manufacture of plastic, monomers generate two layers:
- A thick layer, which makes up the structure of the plastic.
- An aqueous layer, where salt ions are present.
Removing this aqueous layer through the desalination process results in a strong and durable material. Without this step, the plastic would become brittle and of little use.
Properties of the new material
This plastic stands out for several characteristics:
- It dissolves in the sea in a few hours, without generating microplastics.
- It is non-toxic and non-flammable, making it safe for the environment.
- Can be molded at high temperatures, allowing different uses.
- 3D printing compatible, expanding its application to various industries.
- Tough and adaptable, and can be manufactured in different shapes and textures.
Biodegradability in soil
In addition to dissolving in the ocean, this plastic also decomposes quickly in the soil. In just 10 days, it disappears completely, releasing nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which can be used in agriculture. Unlike other biodegradable plastics, it does not leave residue or polluting fragments.
If produced on a large scale, this plastic could help reduce marine and land pollution. Its uses could include packaging, disposable utensils and medical tools.
The development of this material represents an important step towards creating a circular economy, in which products can be recycled or degraded without causing negative impacts on the environment. This innovative solution could transform the plastics industry and make the planet more sustainable.
Study available in the journal Science.
