Expansion of hydrogen electric propulsion, a technology currently used by smaller planes, has already been adjusted to aircraft capable of carrying passengers. In Brazil, investments are in hybrid models. 

With tanks and fuel cells, as well as the engine, coupled in a module, and not in the fuselage of the aircraft, a French company presented, in December 2022, hydrogen planes of the future, equipped with detachable engines. The solution presented comes in a fitting placed underneath the aircraft, and thus, the entire system is safer than those in which the refrigerated tanks are securely attached, which directly influence how much payload these planes can carry.

It is the decentralized propulsion concept for aircraft manned and unmanned, for which the French company hopes that, starting with autonomous applications, it is possible that regulatory and certification prerequisites will be minimized.

And market expectations are that the propulsion system is already carrying out studies to lift aircraft with capacity for up to 96 people, including crew and passengers. This is all thanks to the well-known technology of the future, cryogenic technology, which scales technology to larger aircraft. The technology of aircraft of the future was released in 2020. But how does this technology work?

Due to the need to be stored at very high pressures, to remain liquefied, cylindrical or spherical tanks are the best way to store fuel. Today these tanks are attached to the fuselage, and this is precisely the innovation presented by the French company, which has already been baptized: They are the “wing planes”, in which the fuselage drag is lower, which reduces the fuel consumption of the aircraft .

Experts point out that, despite all the risk that new technologies present, the main problems are not related to passenger safety, but to the safety of ground operations. Leaks are not allowed and storage and combustion are among the biggest challenges of this adaptation. Another difficulty is also in the manufacture of hydrogen liquid hydrogen on a large scale, and the distribution and ground storage of liquid hydrogen.

Development of futuristic technologies in Brazil

In Brazil, Embraer is also carrying out studies for the production of hybrid models, which should already be available on the market from 2030 onwards. The hybrid technology is simpler, lighter, smaller. The commercial aviation company makes projections that, by 2035, four thousand units will be delivered. And depending on the demand for sustainability process, this number can be multiplied by five. These are the predictions for the aviation of the future, two technologies that represent just one kick in the grand plan for reducing emissions from aircraft.

Embraer called the project a “green plane”. Around here, the technology used is hybrid energy and the projects studied aim to transport up to 30 people, including passengers and crew. The forecast is for a reduction in fossil fuel emissions of around 90%. 

For the senior vice president of Engineering, Technology and Corporate Strategy at Embraer, Luiz Carlos Affonso, the sector no longer admits not thinking about reducing COXNUMX emissions². For the vice-president, the challenges are great, but the goal of zero pollutant emissions is not impossible, declared Affonso.

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