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Space revolution: New fuel withstands extreme heat and could transform exploration of the universe

Written by Rafaela Fabris
Published 21/01/2025 às 20:20
Space revolution: New fuel withstands extreme heat and could transform exploration of the universe
The new fuel is a highly resilient nuclear material capable of withstanding the extreme temperatures and harsh conditions of a nuclear rocket reactor. It is designed to work efficiently in nuclear thermal propulsion systems, making space travel faster and safer.

Withstanding temperatures of up to 2.726 °C and three times more efficient than chemical rockets, the new nuclear fuel promises to revolutionize space missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond.

When you think of space travel, it’s easy to imagine powerful rockets soaring through the sky. But did you know that the chemical rockets that took us to the Moon have already reached their limits? With the advancement of technology, a new promise has emerged: nuclear thermal propulsion, which now has a new fuel capable of withstanding extreme conditions.

This breakthrough could change the course of space exploration, allowing faster missions, efficient and safe. But how does this innovation work? Let's understand!

Nuclear thermal propulsion

The new fuel is designed to be used in rockets that run on nuclear reactors, rather than burning chemical fuel like traditional rockets. It is designed to withstand extremely high temperatures, over 2.700°C, and contact with superheated hydrogen, which is highly reactive. Unlike conventional fuels, it does not crack or break under these conditions. This makes it perfect for powering spacecraft on long, difficult missions, such as trips to Mars, because it is more efficient and powerful than the chemical engines we use today.
The new fuel is designed to be used in rockets that run on nuclear reactors, rather than burning chemical fuel like traditional rockets. It is designed to withstand extremely high temperatures, over 2.700°C, and contact with superheated hydrogen, which is highly reactive. Unlike conventional fuels, it does not crack or break under these conditions. This makes it perfect for powering spacecraft on long, difficult missions, such as trips to Mars, because it is more efficient and powerful than the chemical engines we use today.

The concept of nuclear thermal propulsion, or NTP, is not new. It was conceived back in 1945, but only now have technological advances made it viable. The idea is simple: instead of burning chemical fuel, a nuclear reactor heats a gas, such as hydrogen, to generate thrust.

Why is this important? Chemical engines, while efficient, have limitations in terms of power and range. Nuclear thermal propulsion promises to be two to three times more efficient than any existing chemical rocket. This means faster travel and greater payload capacity for space missions.

The new nuclear fuel

To make NTP viable, a crucial challenge had to be overcome: creating a fuel that could withstand the extreme conditions of the reactor. Imagine temperatures exceeding 2.326°C and the presence of highly reactive, superheated hydrogen. Any conventional fuel would break down under these conditions.

That's where the groundbreaking work of General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems (GA-EMS) comes in. During tests conducted at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, the new fuel demonstrated incredible endurance, surviving extreme heat and vibrations without degradation.

Extreme temperatures and superheated hydrogen gas

The tests were impressive: the fuel faced temperatures of up to 2.726 °C, simulating exactly what a nuclear engine would face in a real mission. The material was subjected to thermal cycles and withstood direct contact with superheated hydrogen for 20 minutes.

According to Dr. Christina Back, Vice President of GA-EMS, these results are proof that we are ready for an NTP system that not only works, but is also secure and efficient.

Implications for the future of space missions

With a nuclear engine running on this new fuel, many limitations of space travel could be overcome. Imagine spacecraft capable of getting from Earth to the Moon in record time, or manned missions to Mars in much shorter time frames.

This technology can enable rapid changes from orbit, something essential for exploration or defense missions. In other words, the sky (or rather, space) is the limit!

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Rafaela Fabris

He talks about innovation, renewable energy, oil and gas. With over 1.200 articles published in the CPG, he updates daily on opportunities in the Brazilian job market. Suggestions for topics: rafafabris11@gmail.com

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