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Discover how Earth moves through the Universe, from rotations to movements within galaxies and beyond
The movement of our planet Earth in the universe is fascinating and goes far beyond simple rotations around the Sun. It is an intricate set of movements that includes the rotation of our planet, the orbit around the Sun, the movement of the Solar System Solar inside the Milky Way and also the position of our galaxy in relation to the galaxy of Andromeda.
All of this combined creates a complex, uninterrupted cosmic dance that puts humanity in a position of constant and extraordinarily rapid movement.
The Earth and its own movement
The Earth performs several movements that are fundamental to our daily lives, from rotating around its own axis to orbiting the Sun.
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- Earth rotation: The rotation of our planet on its axis creates day and night, as well as specific influences such as waves at the equator and the formation of the Earth's magnetic field. This magnetic field, in turn, is essential to protect life on Earth from cosmic rays and solar wind. In terms of speed, the Earth's rotation is about 1700 km/h for someone standing at the equator.
- Orbit around the sun: The Earth not only rotates on its axis, but also orbits the Sun at an average speed of approximately 30 km/s. This orbital movement is what defines the Earth's year and positions the Earth stably within the Solar System.
The Sun and the Solar System at the Heart of the Milky Way
The Sun, along with all the planets that orbit around it, is also in continuous motion within our galaxy, the Milky Way.
- Movement around the center of the Milky Way: The Milky Way is a massive galaxy filled with stars, planets, dark matter, and more. The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way at a speed of approximately 200–220 km/s, completing a rotation every 220–250 million years. This galactic motion occurs in an elliptical path and is accompanied by the motion of all celestial bodies in the Solar System.
- Impact of galactic gravity: Although our galaxy is a structure with immense mass, it is not stationary. The Milky Way itself is in motion, attracted by the gravity of other cosmic structures around it.
Cosmic attraction and repulsion: the collision course with Andromeda
In addition to moving internally, the Milky Way is on a cosmic journey towards other galaxies, with a particular destination: the Andromeda galaxy.
- Towards Andromeda: The Milky Way and Andromeda are on a course of directions, moving toward each other at a speed of about 109 km/s. This effect is a result of the mutual gravitational attraction between these massive galaxies. In the distant future, both will merge, forming a new, larger galaxy.
- Galactic groups and gravitational attraction: The galaxies in our local group, including Andromeda, are under the influence of a gravitational force that attracts and repels them depending on their densities. Our local group moves at approximately 627 km/s relative to the cosmic microwave background radiation, the CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background).
The influence of the structures of the universe and the role of cosmic voids
The movement of the Milky Way is impacted not only by the attraction of other galaxies, but also by low-density regions called “cosmic voids.”
- Supercluster attraction: Surrounding the Milky Way are superclusters and clusters of galaxies that exert a gravitational pull. These regions of high density influence the motion of our galaxy and all other structures in nearby space.
- Repulsion of cosmic voids: In contrast to superclusters, cosmic voids are regions of space with a low density of matter. In a feature known as “gravitational repulsion,” these voids cause nearby galaxies to be “pushed” for a long time, creating a repulsive force that adds a new layer of complexity to galactic motion.
Conclusion: the total movement of the earth and its galaxy in the universe
Adding up all the movements – the rotation of the Earth, its orbit around the Sun, the movement of the Solar System within the Milky Way and the displacement of the galaxy itself – our planet is in constant and accelerated movement through the cosmos.
The final movement in relation to the CMB reaches approximately 627 km/s, demonstrating how much our universe is sonorous and full of forces and interactions.
This understanding was possible thanks to scientific and technological advances that allowed the observation and detailed measurement of cosmic movements.
We now know that even on a gigantic scale, forces of attraction and repulsion shape the universe, creating the complex and fascinating structure we observe today.
Wonderful text and very interesting way in which the stars move.