In Desert Regions Like the Middle East and North Africa, Farmers Climb Palms Up to 20 Meters High Under Temperatures Above 50 °C to Harvest Dates, One of the Oldest and Most Valuable Fruits in the World, Cultivated for Over 6,000 Years and a Symbol of Human Resilience.
Despite the inhospitable environment, the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) thrives in arid climates with more than 100 sunny days a year. Its deep roots reach aquifers, but irrigation is still essential. Today, modern drip systems are used to optimize water use and ensure proper fruit development.
The propagation of the palm occurs preferably through lateral shoots (called offshoots), which preserve the genetics of the mother plant. These shoots are replanted with strategic spacing of up to 30 feet to allow for the growth of the canopy and roots in well-drained soils.
From Planting to Manual Pollination
In the early years, care includes intensive irrigation, mineral fertilization, pruning, and pest control. Upon reaching maturity, between 3 and 5 years, the trees require manual pollination. As date palms do not self-pollinate, pollen from male flowers needs to be collected and applied to female flowers, usually by trained workers.
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The sea water temperature rose from 28 to 34 degrees in Santa Catarina and killed up to 90% of the oysters: producers who planted over 1 million seeds lost practically everything and say that if it happens again, production is doomed to end.
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An Indian tree that grows in the Brazilian Northeast produces an oil capable of acting against more than 200 species of pests and interrupting the insect cycle, gaining ground as a natural alternative in soybean, cotton, and vegetable crops.
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The rise in oil prices in the Middle East is already affecting Brazilian sugar: mills in the Central-South are seeing their margins shrink just as ethanol gains strength.
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Rain gains strength in April, potentially exceeding 150 mm, placing the North, Northeast, and the coasts of the South and Southeast at the center of the heaviest forecast of the week.
On average, a single male can provide enough pollen to fertilize up to 50 females. After three weeks, the first fruits appear. On farms like those in California, farmers carry out manual thinning of young dates to enhance final quality and use mesh bags to protect the clusters from pests and birds.
The maturation phase occurs during the hottest months. Workers climb the trees with ropes or are lifted by cranes to remove thorns and old leaves, in addition to facilitating access to the fruits, which are manually cut with machetes and lowered via pulley systems.
From Harvest to Processing with Cutting-Edge Technology
In large plantations, hydraulic platforms replace manual labor. Workers use safety equipment to access ripe clusters more quickly and with less risk. The adoption of this technology has increased harvesting productivity by up to 10 times and significantly improved worker safety.
The dates are then sent to industrial facilities where they undergo rigorous inspections. Substandard fruits are discarded. The approved ones proceed to tanks with high-pressure jets and oxygenation, removing dust, sand, and organic residues before passing through multispectral cameras that automatically sort up to 50,000 units per hour.
After this process, the dates are sorted, weighed, and packaged with precision. The thermal sealing system ensures freshness and prevents contact with external air. The premium varieties, such as medjool, can sell for three times more than others in the international market due to their quality and high production costs.
A Global Market in Expansion
According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), over 100 countries cultivate dates, with global production exceeding 9 million tons per year. Egypt leads, followed by Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Algeria. In the United States, production is smaller but highly specialized.
This information was detailed by the channel Radiant Farming, which specializes in agricultural content, and supplemented with data from the FAO and UC Agriculture and Natural Resources from the University of California, which also monitors the cultivation of dates in the Coachella Valley.


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