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The Impressive Journey of the Date: How Farmers Climb 20-Meter Palms Under 50°C Sun to Harvest Millions of Fruits in Arid Middle Eastern Deserts

Published on 01/07/2025 at 18:32
Colheita de tâmaras em palmeiras altas sob sol intenso no deserto, com trabalhadores em cordas e guindastes
Agricultores colhem tâmaras em palmeiras de 20 metros no deserto, usando cordas e plataformas hidráulicas
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In Desert Regions Like the Middle East and North Africa, Farmers Climb Palms Up to 20 Meters High Under Temperatures Above 50 °C to Harvest Dates, One of the Oldest and Most Valuable Fruits in the World, Cultivated for Over 6,000 Years and a Symbol of Human Resilience.

Despite the inhospitable environment, the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) thrives in arid climates with more than 100 sunny days a year. Its deep roots reach aquifers, but irrigation is still essential. Today, modern drip systems are used to optimize water use and ensure proper fruit development.

The propagation of the palm occurs preferably through lateral shoots (called offshoots), which preserve the genetics of the mother plant. These shoots are replanted with strategic spacing of up to 30 feet to allow for the growth of the canopy and roots in well-drained soils.

From Planting to Manual Pollination

In the early years, care includes intensive irrigation, mineral fertilization, pruning, and pest control. Upon reaching maturity, between 3 and 5 years, the trees require manual pollination. As date palms do not self-pollinate, pollen from male flowers needs to be collected and applied to female flowers, usually by trained workers.

On average, a single male can provide enough pollen to fertilize up to 50 females. After three weeks, the first fruits appear. On farms like those in California, farmers carry out manual thinning of young dates to enhance final quality and use mesh bags to protect the clusters from pests and birds.

The maturation phase occurs during the hottest months. Workers climb the trees with ropes or are lifted by cranes to remove thorns and old leaves, in addition to facilitating access to the fruits, which are manually cut with machetes and lowered via pulley systems.

From Harvest to Processing with Cutting-Edge Technology

In large plantations, hydraulic platforms replace manual labor. Workers use safety equipment to access ripe clusters more quickly and with less risk. The adoption of this technology has increased harvesting productivity by up to 10 times and significantly improved worker safety.

The dates are then sent to industrial facilities where they undergo rigorous inspections. Substandard fruits are discarded. The approved ones proceed to tanks with high-pressure jets and oxygenation, removing dust, sand, and organic residues before passing through multispectral cameras that automatically sort up to 50,000 units per hour.

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After this process, the dates are sorted, weighed, and packaged with precision. The thermal sealing system ensures freshness and prevents contact with external air. The premium varieties, such as medjool, can sell for three times more than others in the international market due to their quality and high production costs.

A Global Market in Expansion

According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), over 100 countries cultivate dates, with global production exceeding 9 million tons per year. Egypt leads, followed by Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Algeria. In the United States, production is smaller but highly specialized.

This information was detailed by the channel Radiant Farming, which specializes in agricultural content, and supplemented with data from the FAO and UC Agriculture and Natural Resources from the University of California, which also monitors the cultivation of dates in the Coachella Valley.

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