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The Debt Evolution Statement (DED) Allows You to Compare Applied Rates, Expose Irregularities, and Request Legal Deductions Directly from the Financial Institution.
Those who have loans, mortgage financing, vehicle loans, or INSS payroll loans may be paying more than they should. This occurs when the contract presents interest rates above the average limits disclosed by the Central Bank. What few people know is that there is a technical document capable of revealing these distortions and serving as a basis for requesting the reduction of abusive interest rates: the Debt Evolution Statement (DED).
According to specialist Valter dos Santos, this statement shows the detailed path of the debt from the original amount, charges, and fees to the updated outstanding balance. With it in hand, the consumer has a solid foundation to demand a review of the calculations and open direct negotiations with the bank, supported by the Consumer Protection Code.
What Is the Debt Evolution Statement
The Debt Evolution Statement (DED) is an accounting report that presents the formation and evolution of the outstanding balance of a financial contract.
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It itemizes the financed amount, the already paid installments, the applied interest, and the embedded fees. It is, therefore, the essential document to understand how much you are really paying.
The issuance of the DED is a consumer right. It must be requested directly from the financial institution through channels such as app, online banking, phone, or physical agency.
In case of denial, the request can be formalized by extrajudicial notification and, if the refusal persists, registered on the Consumidor.gov.br portal, the official complaints platform recognized by the Central Bank.
How to Use the DED to Reduce Abusive Interest Rates
After obtaining the statement, the consumer should compare the reported rates with the monthly averages published by the Central Bank for each type of credit.
This analysis can be performed using the Citizen Calculator, a free tool from the Central Bank that allows you to verify if the applied interest rates are above the average.
If there is a significant divergence, it is possible to notify the bank to request a deduction of the irregular charges.
The extrajudicial notification should include the contract number, the financed amount, the paid installments, the applied charges, and the request for revision, based on Articles 6 and 42 of the Consumer Protection Code, which guarantee clear information and protection against abusive practices.
It is common for the institution to propose friendly renegotiation within 20 days, according to Article 334 of the Civil Procedure Code.
When there is evidence of excessive interest, reductions of up to 90% on charges can be obtained, especially on old or payroll contracts.
Summary Step by Step
- Request the Debt Evolution Statement from your bank through official channels.
- Compare the rates with the average interest report from the Central Bank.
- If you identify abuse, send an extrajudicial notification requesting a deduction of the amounts.
- If there is no response, register a complaint on Consumidor.gov.br and keep copies of all documentation.
All of this can be done without intermediaries or lawyers, although legal assistance is recommended for high-value cases.
Why Banks Avoid Disclosing This Document
The issuance of the DED exposes the internal structure of the contract and facilitates the detection of interest rates above the average, which may obligate the bank to review the balance. Therefore, some institutions resist providing the statement voluntarily, even though they are legally required to do so.
Refusing access to the DED infringes the right to information provided in the Consumer Protection Code. The consumer can contact the Central Bank and Procon if the request is not met.
Additionally, recording the refusal creates a favorable history in any potential judicial action for contract review.
The Debt Evolution Statement is the key to discovering if there are abusive interest rates and negotiating based on solid data. Requesting the document is an act of transparency and financial citizenship and can represent significant savings on loans and financing.
Have you requested the statement of your bank contract? Share your experience in the comments and tell us if you managed to reduce your interest rates.
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