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Country Reverses Historical Decline and Shows Consistent Change in the Labor Market, According to Data Released by IBGE in September 2024
Union membership rose again in Brazil in 2024, according to data released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in September 2024. This increase marks the first rise since 2012 and thus breaks a prolonged decline.
According to the Continuous Pnad survey, 8.9% of 101.3 million workers were associated.
This percentage represents 9.1 million union members, according to official data.
The growth of 812,000 members compared to 2023 reinforces a labor reorganization movement.
The country had recorded the lowest historical index in 2023 (8.4%), making the recovery even more significant.
This increase, according to the IBGE News Agency, demonstrates an inflection after years of continuous contraction.
Experts point out that the resumption of formal hiring directly contributes to this scenario.
More Structured Sectors Drive Recovery
The survey shows that all activity groups recorded increases in 2024, indicating a widespread restructuring.
Public administration, defense, social security, education, human health, and social services reached 15.5% unionization.
Additionally, the General Industry recorded 11.4%, as detailed by the IBGE.
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Agriculture, although it remains one of the most organized sectors (14.8%), showed a slight decrease of 0.2 percentage points.
This reduction occurred because there was a drop in the number of employed, according to technical analysis.
IBGE analyst William Kratochwill stated in 2024 that historically organized sectors show clear signs of resumption.
He also highlighted that these sectors expanded their workforce during the same period.
Public Servants and Salaried Workers Lead Membership
According to data from the Continuous Pnad, public sector workers remain the most unionized (18.9%).
Additionally, employees with formal contracts in the private sector have 11.2%.
Employees without contracts account for 3.8%, while domestic workers have only 2.6%.
According to Kratochwill, the warming of the job market in 2024 strengthened the search for protection and organization.
This change increased the demand for unions and strengthened their presence among formal workers.
Education, Gender, and Regions Shape the Profile of Unionization
Among the 9.1 million union members, workers with complete high school and university education each number around 3.4 million.
IBGE points out that the highest rate appears among people with higher education (14.2%).
Additionally, those with elementary education reach only 5.7%, according to the 2024 data.
Women surpass men in the Northeast (10% against 8.9%), according to the Continuous Pnad.
Nationally, the difference has reduced to 0.4 percentage points, indicating greater balance.
South (9.8%) and Southeast (9.2%) drive growth, although all regions show accumulated retraction between 2012 and 2024.
Formalization Grows Among Employers and Self-Employed Workers
The study highlights that, in 2024, 33.6% of 29.8 million employers and self-employed workers operated with CNPJ.
This percentage represents the second highest percentage in the historical series, according to the IBGE.
Employers have 80% coverage, while the self-employed reach 25.7%.
According to the institute, formalization is linked to the level of education and the market in which one operates, especially in sectors that require regularity.
Commerce (47.2%) and services (38.2%) exhibit the highest registration rates.
However, agriculture and construction remain below the national average.
Low Adherence to Cooperatives and Growth of Self-Employment
Association with cooperatives remains limited: 4.3% of employers and self-employed participate in these organizations.
The South Region leads with 8.2%, according to IBGE.
Furthermore, more than half of the employed workers operated in 2024 in establishments of their own businesses.
Work at home declined after the peak observed in 2022, which follows the return of in-person economic activity.
With the market heated and reorganization on the rise, the question arises: Will unionization continue to advance in the coming years?
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