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Discover How Agronomy Emerged in Brazil, What the First Agronomy School Was, Its Evolution Over the Centuries, and the Fundamental Role of Agricultural Engineers in the Modernization of Agriculture.
Agronomy, as a science and profession, was created to solve an urgent problem in 19th century Brazil: the end of slavery and the need to keep agricultural production active. From this point on, the country began to build an agronomic system that, over the decades, would completely transform the way of cultivating, producing, and thinking about the countryside.
The Roots of Agronomy in Brazil
The emergence of Brazilian Agronomy is directly linked to the decline of the agrarian aristocracy in the Northeast, pressured by the abolition of slavery and the rise of coffee in the Southeast.
To find alternatives, in 1859, the Imperial Baiano Institute of Agriculture was created, focusing on developing technologies that would replace slave labor and increase crop productivity.
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Shortly after, in 1875, the first Agronomy school in Brazil was founded in São Bento das Lages, Bahia.
This institution initiated the technical and scientific training of professionals dedicated to the field, in an effort to modernize agricultural production.
In 1883, it was Pelotas, in Rio Grande do Sul, that founded its school, which remains active to this day.
The Evolution of Agronomy Education in Brazil
Despite its practical importance, Agronomy education was only officially regulated in 1910, with Decree No. 8,319, which defined the direction of technical training focused mainly on large estates.
The focus was clear: agronomic education should serve state policies, with little attention to family farming.
Over the decades, agronomic science gained substance and strength.
However, its advancement was tied to the centralization of knowledge in public institutions and the increasing use of imported technology, especially for the processing of products like coffee and cotton.
Agronomy and Modernization: From the Green Revolution to Agroindustry
The 1960s marked a turning point in the history of Brazilian Agronomy.
With the arrival of the Green Revolution and its technological packages—hybrid seeds, chemical fertilizers, mechanization—agriculture began to be conducted under an industrial model.
This process became known as the modernization of agriculture.
The change also impacted education: in 1967, the control of Agronomy schools shifted from the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Education and Culture through Decree No. 60,731.
This expanded access to education and allowed greater academic autonomy for institutions.
Professional Recognition and Valorization of the Agricultural Engineer
Even having a crucial role in the country’s development, the Agronomy professional was only officially recognized in 1933, with Presidential Decree No. 23,196, which regulated the practice of the profession.
Since then, October 12 has been celebrated as Agricultural Engineer Day.
Today, Brazil has about 70 Agronomy courses spread across different regions, offering more than six thousand annual vacancies.
These professionals work in various fields: from food production to environmental management, always seeking to balance productivity and sustainability.
The Current Importance of Agronomy for Brazil
Agronomy remains one of the most important foundations of Brazilian rural development.
With technological advancements, the agricultural engineer has become an agent of innovation, promoting more sustainable, efficient practices adapted to climate changes.
Furthermore, the sector is increasingly turning towards family farming, organic production, and rational use of natural resources, making agronomic science essential for a more balanced future in the countryside.
The history of Agronomy in Brazil reflects the social, political, and economic transformations of the country.
Born from a crisis, it grew as a technical response to the needs of the countryside and today occupies a strategic position in the sustainable development of national agriculture.
More than just a profession, Agronomy is a living science that reinvents itself according to the challenges of time.
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