Besides Rockets And Telescopes, NASA Launches 150-Meter Giant Balloons Into Space

Besides Rockets And Telescopes, NASA Launches 150-Meter Giant Balloons Into Space — Why?

Written by Romário Pereira de Carvalho

Published on 24/06/2025 at 10:13

Balão da NASA vai posicionar telescópio a 40 mil metros da Antártida (Foto: Ilustração/NASA)

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After 17 Days in the Sky, NASA Balloon Lands in the Pacific and Raises Investigation into Failure that Caused Altitude Loss

Less flashy than rockets, NASA’s stratospheric balloons continue to play crucial roles in science. The most recent one concluded its mission after more than two weeks over South America.

17 Days of Trajectory in the Southern Skies

The balloon was launched on April 17, from Wanaka Airport in New Zealand. In just over two weeks, it traveled a route through the mid-latitudes of the southern hemisphere.

The flight lasted exactly 17 days, 13 hours, and 47 minutes. On May 3, it completed a full trip around the planet, and on May 4, it landed in the Pacific Ocean, about 1,300 kilometers off the eastern coast of New Zealand.

ARTICLE CONTINUES BELOW

Leak and Early End of the Mission

During the crossing of regions with lower temperatures, the operators noticed that the balloon was losing altitude at night. The team suspected a possible leak and, as a precaution, decided to end the flight earlier than planned.

The decision was made to ensure safety and minimize any environmental impact. There was no attempt to recover the equipment.

The payload, weighing about two tons, was used as a weight to sink the entire system to the ocean floor as quickly as possible. This way, it prevents debris from remaining in the zone where most marine species live.

Experiment in Flight

The balloon carried the HIWIND mission, which aimed to measure neutral wind in the thermosphere. This layer of the atmosphere is located between the mesosphere and the exosphere.

The data helps scientists better understand the behavior of the ionosphere, a region that directly affects navigation and communication systems.

This flight also served to test a new superpressure balloon design. As it did not reach the expected duration—the previous record was 57 days—NASA will investigate the causes of the altitude loss. The goal is to prevent the same type of failure from occurring in future launches.

Despite the setback, the mission did not stop. A second balloon from the campaign was launched on May 3. It is already in operation and can be tracked in real-time on NASA’s website.

What Are Superpressure Balloons

These balloons have a pumpkin shape and a completely sealed structure. They maintain a positive internal pressure and an almost constant volume, which provides longer and more stable flights.

The diameter can reach up to 150 meters and the volume up to 1.13 million cubic meters—enough to hold an inflated football stadium inside.

They can reach altitudes of up to 36 kilometers, more than double that of a commercial airplane. In some tests, they have been considered an alternative for space tourism.

Science Above the Clouds

NASA’s scientific balloons offer a low-cost option to access the stratosphere. With them, it is possible to study space and Earth without relying on rockets.

Some models even carry telescopes. The current average is 10 to 15 flights per year, within the agency’s Scientific Balloon Program.

The most recent mission ended prematurely but completed another full trip around the world and reinforced the potential of these silent giants for science.

With information from Xataka.

Besides Rockets And Telescopes, NASA Launches 150-Meter Giant Balloons Into Space — Why?

After 17 Days in the Sky, NASA Balloon Lands in the Pacific and Raises Investigation into Failure that Caused Altitude Loss

17 Days of Trajectory in the Southern Skies

Leak and Early End of the Mission

Experiment in Flight

What Are Superpressure Balloons

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Besides Rockets And Telescopes, NASA Launches 150-Meter Giant Balloons Into Space — Why?

After 17 Days in the Sky, NASA Balloon Lands in the Pacific and Raises Investigation into Failure that Caused Altitude Loss

17 Days of Trajectory in the Southern Skies

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Experiment in Flight

What Are Superpressure Balloons

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