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Researchers analyze the smell of Egyptian mummies, revealing woody and sweet aromas, and discovering clues about mummification rituals
A study published in Journal of the American Chemical Society has revealed a curious approach to assessing the state of preservation of Egyptian mummies: smell. Researchers analyzed the aromas given off by mummies up to 3.500 years old, finding surprisingly familiar notes.
Ancient odors reveal secrets
Scientists investigated the smell of nine mummies preserved in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, dating from between 1500 BC and 500 AD.
Some were wrapped in fabrics, others covered in sarcophagi of wood or stone. The analysis was done using small tubes and pumps that captured the air around the bodies.
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A mixture of aromas
The result showed a complexity of odors:
- Seven of the nine mummies were given a woody, spicy scent.
- Five had a sweet smell.
- Three exuded notes similar to incense.
But not everything was pleasant. Some gave off musty and rancid odors, diminishing the impact of time and preservation conditions.
For scientists, these smells reflect the complexity of the composition and substances used in mummification.
Sources of odors coming from mummies
Researchers have identified four main sources for mummy scents:
- Mummification materials – Substances such as resins, oils and herbs used in embalming.
- Microorganisms – An explanation caused by microbes over the centuries.
- Synthetic repellents – Modern products applied for conservation.
- Vegetable oils – Used in ancient times to preserve bodies.
These combined elements developed a unique olfactory identity for each mummy, allowing a detailed analysis of the funerary techniques employed.
Familiar Smell on a 3.500-Year-Old Body
The research brought some surprises. According to Dr. Cecilia Bembibre, co-author of the study, the smell of some mummies was reminiscent of something very common: tea.
"Just the idea that you could put your nose into this little tube and smell a mummified body that was 3.500 years old and then, most amazingly, smell something as incredibly familiar as tea… It was mind-blowing.”, he said to The Guardian.
Scientists know that these odors do not exactly reflect the original smell of the time, as factors such as oxidation and variations have modified the compounds over time.
However, the data helps to better understand Ancient Egyptian funeral rites and variations in embalming processes.
A new window to the past
This innovative approach offers a non-invasive method for studying mummies, without the need to open sarcophagi or remove preserved materials.
In addition to revealing details about mummification, olfactory analysis can help in the conservation of historical relics, ensuring that this ancient heritage remains intact for future generations.
With information Science & Life.
