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Professionals Exposed to Health Risks Can Request Special Retirement from INSS — See the List of Professions, Rules After the Reform, and How to Ensure the Benefit with Documentation Proof.
Some professions that involve continuous exposure to harmful agents — such as chemicals, physical agents, biological factors, or risk situations — allow the worker to request special retirement from INSS. Doctors, firefighters, journalists, divers, and electricians are among the activities that may qualify, provided that the exposure is proven.
This modality, granted by the General Social Security Regime (RGPS), allows professionals in unhealthy or dangerous occupations to reduce the time required to retire compared to regular rules.
Who Can Request and How It Works
The right to special retirement is not automatic. It is necessary to prove that there has been permanent exposure to harmful health factors, such as excessive noise, extreme temperatures, mineral dust, chemical and biological agents.
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In addition, a minimum contribution time of 180 months is required, along with compliance with specific criteria that vary according to the level of risk of the activity:
- Low Risk: 25 years of special activity + minimum age of 60 years
- Medium Risk: 20 years of special activity + minimum age of 58 years
- High Risk: 15 years of special activity + minimum age of 55 years
The risk category is defined according to the intensity and type of exposure.
Examples of Professions That May Be Eligible
Although the INSS decrees do not encompass all functions, judicial decisions and technical reports recognize various occupations as potentially eligible. Among them:
25 Years of Special Activity
Aviation Workers, nursing assistants, firefighters, surgeons, electricians with voltage above 250 volts, nurses, chemical engineers, journalists, train drivers, doctors, divers, bus and heavy truck drivers, X-ray operators, welders, laboratory technicians, civil construction workers on large projects, armed guards, among others.
20 Years of Special Activity
Workers exposed to asbestos, underground mining workers removed from the work front, white phosphorus and mercury extractors, lead smelters, lead roll and mold makers, fire supervisors, and explosive handlers.
15 Years of Special Activity
Underground miners, crushers, rock loaders, underground drill operators, and rock drillers in caves.
In all cases, exposure must be continuous and habitual, not occasional or intermittent.
Required Documents
To request the benefit, the insured must present:
- Professional Profile for Social Security (PPP): issued by the employer and based on a technical report prepared by an occupational doctor or safety engineer.
- Technical Report on Work Environment Conditions (LTCAT): describes the conditions and risks to which the worker has been exposed.
Without these documents, proving eligibility may be more difficult, making the approval of the request less likely.
How to Request Special Retirement
The process can be done entirely online:
- Access Meu INSS (website or app for Android and iOS);
- Log in with your gov.br account;
- Select “New Request” and choose “Retirement by Contribution Time”;
- Inform the periods with exposure to harmful agents;
- Attach the supporting documents;
- Confirm the submission.
You can also request by calling 135. After the protocol, INSS has up to 45 days to analyze the request. People with disabilities, seniors aged 60 and over, pregnant women, and nursing mothers have priority in service.
Rules After the Pension Reform
The Constitutional Amendment No. 103/2019 included minimum age as a requirement for new concessions, in addition to altering the calculation of the benefit:
- The amount became 60% of the average of 100% of contribution salaries since July 1994, with an increase of 2% for each year that exceeds 15 years of contribution (women) or 20 years (men).
Those who have already met the requirements before the reform maintain the right to the previous rules. For those who were in the labor market but did not have enough time, a transition rule was created that sums age, contribution time, and exposure time, maintaining the requirement of 180 months.
Attention to Documentation
Experts warn that being in a profession listed as unhealthy or dangerous does not automatically guarantee the right. Documentary proof is essential, and many requests are denied due to incomplete information in the reports and PPP.
Therefore, before requesting, it is advisable to review all documents with the support of a lawyer or specialist in social security law to avoid delays or denials.
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