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Learn How the ZIL 135, Designed by the Soviet Union, Gained Respect for Its Ability to Conquer Difficult Terrain and Carry Heavy Loads, Still in Use Today in Various Parts of the World.
Many of the items we use daily, such as zippers and adhesive tapes, originated from military needs. During the Cold War, the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in the creation of many advanced technologies. A notable example of this innovation is the ZIL 135, a Soviet military truck designed to tackle difficult terrains and transport heavy missiles.
The ZIL 135, developed in the 1950s, is a four-axle truck with eight-wheel drive, capable of operating in virtually any environment. Originally, it was created to help protect the vast territory of the Soviet Union, which faced mobility challenges due to poor roads and severe weather.
In 1955, the Prototype ZIS 134 Emerged, Showing Good Performance
With the end of World War II, the Soviet Union began working on a cargo truck for remote areas. In 1955, the prototype ZIS 134 emerged, showing good performance, but it had issues with engines and load capacity. In response, Soviet engineers revised the design, resulting in the ZIL 135 in 1958, which could operate both on land and on water.
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The ZIL 135 was designed to transport Luna M missiles, which weighed around 2500 kg and measured nearly 10 meters in length. An important innovation was the removal of the suspensions, attaching the axles directly to the chassis, which improved the vehicle’s stability. A system that adjusted tire pressure while moving was added to absorb impacts.
Two Engines Were Installed Behind the Cab, Each Moving the Wheels on One Side
Another highlight was the engine configuration: two engines were installed behind the cab, each moving the wheels on one side. Even if one engine failed, the other could continue to move the truck, ensuring operation in remote areas.
The Soviet Union showcased the ZIL 135 at a military parade in 1961, impressing President Nikita Khrushchev. Mass production began in 1965, and over 5,000 units were produced over nearly four decades. The ZIL 135 was adapted for various uses, including water trucks, dump trucks, cranes, and missile platforms.
Even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the ZIL 135 continued to be used. Today, it can still be found in military operations in North Korea and in civilian activities in Russia and in countries that were part of the Soviet Union. The ZIL 135 is a symbol of Soviet technological legacy and an example of how military innovation can have lasting impacts.
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