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The galaxy XMM-VID1-2075 does not rotate, defying the laws of cosmic evolution. Learn how the James Webb telescope discovered this enigma 2 billion years after the Big Bang.
The current understanding of the birth of large cosmic structures is being challenged by the discovery of XMM-VID1-2075. Located at a temporal distance of less than 2 billion years after the Big Bang, this massive galaxy surprised astronomers by not exhibiting any net rotational movement, according to information from Olhar Digital.
According to data captured by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the object — which has more stars than our own Milky Way — exhibits an internal dynamic of pure stellar chaos, suggesting that traditional rules of galactic formation may need a profound revision.
The ultimate test for astronomical models
To date, simulations attempting to describe the early universe predicted that giant, static galaxies would be almost impossible phenomena to find so early in the cosmic timeline. The existence of XMM-VID1-2075 offers a rare opportunity for scientists to validate or discard these theories.
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According to Ben Forrest, a researcher at the University of California, Davis, and lead author of the study published in Nature Astronomy:
“There are simulations that predict a very small number of these non-rotating galaxies very early in the universe, but they are expected to be quite rare. This is a way for us to test these simulations and find out how common they are, which can give us information about whether our theories of evolution are correct.”
The “cancellation” by collision hypothesis
To explain how a galaxy of such magnitude can exist without the rotational movement that normally sustains it, the international team of astronomers proposes a direct impact scenario.
Instead of small, gradual mergers, XMM-VID1-2075 would have been formed by a violent head-on collision between two systems with opposite rotations.
This collision would have acted as a gravitational brake, resulting in:
- Annulment of angular momentum: The rotation of one compensated for the other, nullifying the net movement.
- Chaotic movements: Stars began to move in a disordered fashion, without a central axis.
- Early stellar death: The collision may have expelled fuel gas, making the galaxy “quiescent” (without new stars).
Asymmetry and the “excess light” detected by the James Webb telescope
One of the most intriguing details observed by the James Webb telescope was an irregular patch of luminosity on one of the galaxy’s flanks. This technical data is the key piece supporting the theory of external interaction.
Analyzing the system through the MAGAZ3NE project, researchers noted that the light was not distributed concentrically. Regarding this phenomenon, Forrest comments: “We see a large excess of light on one side, suggestive of some other object that came in and is interacting with the system, potentially changing its dynamics.”
In addition to this asymmetry, the absence of rotation was confirmed by high-precision spectroscopy, which monitored the individual velocities of stars within the system. “This particular galaxy showed no evidence of rotation, which was surprising and very interesting,” the researcher concludes.
With information from Olhar Digital
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