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Discovered 124 light-years from Earth, K2-18 b has an atmosphere rich in methane and carbon dioxide, the possible presence of dimethyl sulfide, a gas linked to life on Earth, and conditions that intrigue NASA scientists.
NASA has taken an exciting step forward in its exploration of the universe. The exoplanet K2-18 b, located 124 light-years from Earth, has revealed signs that could indicate the presence of life. This discovery was made possible by the power of the James Webb Space Telescope, which continues to revolutionize our understanding of distant worlds.
What makes the K2-18 b so special?
With a radius 2,6 times greater and a mass 8,6 times greater than that of Earth, K2-18 b is a true super-Earth. It orbits in the so-called “habitable zone” of its star, where conditions could allow the existence of liquid water. This characteristic already places it as a strong candidate to shelter life.
According to NASA, K2-18 b has an atmosphere rich in methane and carbon dioxide, with a puzzling absence of ammonia. These features suggest the presence of a vast ocean beneath a dense layer of hydrogen, which sets it apart from other known exoplanets.
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The chemical signature that caught attention
One detail that left scientists intrigued was the possible detection of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in its atmosphere. On Earth, this compound is produced exclusively by life, such as phytoplankton in the oceans. Could something similar happen there?
If confirmed, DMS would be a crucial biosignature. It would make K2-18 b a landmark for astrobiology, even if the internal conditions of the planet may be extreme, such as very hot oceans or pressures unbearable for known life forms.
How NASA's James Webb Telescope Made a Difference
The Webb Telescope allows us to identify specific molecules in the atmospheres of distant planets. Thanks to this technology, it has been possible to identify compounds like DMS on K2-18 b, which was previously only a dream for scientists.
In 2024, Webb spent eight hours on K2-18 b. NASA’s next steps include confirming biosignatures and exploring other aspects of the planet. Each observation brings us closer to understanding whether it could actually support life.
The impact on the search for extraterrestrial life
K2-18 b is part of a class of planets called Hyceans. They are larger than Earth and have dense atmospheres, ideal for studying biosignatures. This broadens the horizons in the search for life beyond rocky planets.
Even if K2-18 b does not harbor life, it offers a unique opportunity for study. Understanding its composition and atmospheric dynamics helps refine our criteria for finding habitable planets.
NASA's discovery of K2-18 b is a milestone in astrobiology. It reminds us that the universe still holds extraordinary mysteries, and that we are closer than ever to answering the question: are we alone? Whether it’s its rich atmosphere or the possibilities of life, K2-18 b continues to inspire scientists and dreamers to explore the stars.
