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Solar Energy Market: China Uses Loss Leader Strategy to Lead. Learn More About the Impacts of This Practice and the Crisis Faced by Manufacturers
China has managed to make the entire world dependent on its solar energy panels with a simple formula: government support, constant improvement of technology, and prices so low that they end up disrupting the market. There is just one problem: its manufacturers are losing money on a large scale.
Crisis in the Chinese solar sector. Most Chinese photovoltaic module manufacturers are struggling to achieve profits. Half of them are having difficulty containing their enormous losses and are resorting to their “war funds”.
The root of the problem lies in market prices: many solar panels are sold at cost or even at prices below production costs, a situation facilitated by the huge oversupply in the industry.
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Brazilian scientists are simultaneously advancing two research projects on clean hydrogen and driving solutions that could transform the energy matrix, enhance industrial competitiveness, and accelerate large-scale emission reduction targets.
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Advancement in renewable energy: A R$ 150 million project launched by Petrobras and Finep aims to create state-of-the-art electrolyzers for green hydrogen, strengthening national research and preparing Brazil to compete in a billion-dollar energy market.
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Illiterate or semi-literate grandmothers were trained to repair solar systems, open rural workshops, and light up homes that still depended on kerosene.
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The world has bet on green hydrogen as the fuel of the future, but now faces the side effect: producing 1 kilogram requires about 9 liters of ultrapure water, and the largest projects on the planet are precisely in the driest regions of the Earth, where water is already scarce for people.
The production capacity of the Chinese solar sector has doubled in three years. There are too many manufacturers just when installations are declining, especially for older P-type panels.
Half of the manufacturers are selling at a loss. According to a report from Bloomberg, negative margins are accumulating throughout the solar industry’s supply chain, and most companies are already losing money.
Chinese manufacturers have funds to withstand these losses for a while, but more than half reported negative revenues before financial expenses (EBITDA) during the first quarter of 2024:
- First Solar (U.S.): $243.1 million
- Trina (China): $132.2 million
- Jinko (China): $73.2 million
- Canadian Solar (China): $49.1 million
- DAQO (China): $30.5 million
- GCL System (China): $14.2 million
- Aiko (China): $1.6 million
- Akcome (China): -$24 million
- Eging (China): -$27.2 million
- Risen (China): -$34.8 million
- Tongwei (China): -$38.7 million
- TCL Zhonghuan (China): -$78 million
- JA Solar (China): -$96.3 million
- Longi (China): -$437.1 million
GCL Seeks Help from the Chinese Government. GCL Technology — the second largest solar energy company in China and one of the largest companies in the global energy sector — has requested state support to face the crisis.
GCL, which manufactures more efficient N-type panels, has not only been harmed by the oversupply but also by declining exports. Increases in tariffs in the United States and investigations by the European Union into alleged unfair subsidies from Beijing have worsened the global position of major photovoltaic companies.
Weathering the Storm. The Chinese government appears clear on how to tackle the crisis: by funding new domestic solar installations and reducing industry rates to alleviate the oversupply.
Beijing is determined to prevent the industry from shrinking at all costs. The crisis has already forced manufacturers like Longi to close production lines and reduce their workforce, but the future looks promising for the industry.
China plans to build over 1000 GW in N-type cell capacity as the world meets its net zero emissions commitments. The manufacturing capacity of the Chinese industry is 17 times larger than the rest of the world and could lead to a new market increase by 2025.
The bet is risky because it is unclear how long these struggling companies can hold out, but if there is a country capable of absorbing the losses, it is this one. China leads 80% of the photovoltaic sector and, although rivals are growing, they still rely on silicon and other Chinese components.
Image | Longi
“ah, mas a taxa a china ta tendo prejuízo com a venda de painéis solares”. Pois é, pq o objetivo não é lucro e sim a transição energética e maior independência de combustíveis fósseis.