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Multilayer Film Developed in California Promises to Reduce Water and Energy Consumption in Greenhouses While Maintaining Ideal Conditions for Plant Growth.
Engineers from the University of California, Davis, have developed a multilayer film called Cool-Cover that has the potential to transform greenhouses.
The material reflects heat but allows essential light for photosynthesis to enter. This innovation was described in the journal Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research.
The goal is to make greenhouse agriculture more efficient. This is because, in hot climate regions such as California’s Central Valley, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East, greenhouses can reach extremely high temperatures. Excess heat hinders plant growth.
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Common Problem in Protected Cultivation
Normally, cooling these structures requires fans or evaporative systems. Both demand a large amount of energy and water. Therefore, the search for more sustainable alternatives grows each year.
Shading is a common practice. However, it blocks part of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), which is crucial for crop development. This creates the dilemma: reduce heat without compromising product quality.
How the Cool-Cover Film Works
The film created by the team combines layers of zinc oxide, calcium fluoride, and silver. A simulation software was used to design the ideal sequence.
Thus, the researchers were able to balance the blocking of infrared radiation and the passage of necessary light.
Tests showed that the coated glass can reduce nearly 90% of the incoming near-infrared radiation. At the same time, it allows about 51% of the PAR to pass through, which is deemed sufficient to maintain active photosynthesis.
Expected Results in Greenhouse Models
Based on simulations, the team evaluated performance in different climates. The models indicated a strong reduction in the use of water and energy. The drawback appears as a slight decline in productivity, considered acceptable given the gains.
The authors highlighted that it is necessary to weigh the impacts. In areas with high solar radiation and water scarcity, such as Fresno, the balance between resource conservation and yield can be decisive.
Next Steps in Research
Currently, the group is working in partnership with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The goal is to produce a practical version of the multilayer coating for real-scale testing.
Additionally, a provisional patent has already been registered. This shows the intention to take the project to commercial applications in the future.
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