What are the types of bridges? Don't get the classification and main concepts about bridges wrong anymore
Get ready for a fascinating journey through the world of bridge types you never imagined existed! We're going to reveal incredible secrets about the Brazilian bridges that connect our country from north to south. After this dive, crossing a bridge will never be the same again.
the bridges are so integrated into our daily lives that we rarely stop to reflect on them. But have you ever thought about the different types of bridges and how they impact our lives? More than just crossings over rivers or valleys, they are works of engineering art that combine functionality, beauty and innovation. And Brazilian bridges are notable examples of this grandeur.
Before we explore the different types of bridges…
Before we explore the different types of bridges, it is essential to understand what they actually are. In simple terms, a bridge is a structure built to allow the crossing of natural or artificial obstacles, such as rivers, valleys, lakes or even other roads. In Brazil, these works play a crucial role in connecting cities and states, boosting development and facilitating the movement of people and goods.
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Bridge classification can be done in several ways
Bridges can be classified in several ways, starting with their purpose. There are road bridges, intended for vehicle traffic, and railway bridges, used for transportation by trains. There are also road-rail bridges, which combine both types of traffic, in addition to the pedestrian walkways and air bridges on airport aprons, intended for aircraft. Each one plays a specific role in the transport infrastructure, highlighting the versatility of the existing types of bridges.
At least 10 meters
Size is another factor that influences classification. You may not know, but not every structure that crosses an obstacle is considered a bridge. If the span is up to 2 meters, it is called a culvert. Between 2 and 10 meters, it is called a small bridge. Only when the span exceeds 10 meters can we call it a bridge. This means that the “bridge” you cross every day could actually be a small bridge! This distinction is fundamental to understanding the different types of bridges we encounter along the way.
The elements that make up a bridge are equally important. The access road is the section that allows entry and exit from the structure, ensuring the continuity of the route. The infrastructure corresponds to the lower part, including the foundations such as blocks, piles or caissons, which support the entire weight of the bridge. The mesostructure is the intermediate region, where we find the pillars that support the superstructure. The latter is the upper part where traffic occurs, such as the deck or slab, and is essential for the functionality of the bridge.
Materials used in construction
The materials used in construction also vary between the different types of bridges. We can find bridges made of reinforced concrete, steel, wood, prestressed concrete and even stone. Historic Brazilian bridges are living proof of this diversity. The Ponte da Cadeia, in São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, built in the 18th century, is an impressive example of the use of stones in engineering at the time.
Architecture in types of bridges
When we talk about architecture, the types of bridges become even more fascinating. Beam bridges have a simple structure, supported by beams that support the deck. Truss bridges distribute loads across a lattice structure, providing strength and lightness. Arch bridges use arches to support the deck, creating a classic, elegant look.
Suspension and hanging bridges support the deck by means of cables
Suspension and hanging bridges support the deck using cables. The suspension bridge, like the iconic Hercílio Luz Bridge in Florianópolis, uses catenary-shaped cables and vertical hangers to support the structure. Cable-stayed bridges, such as the impressive Octávio Frias de Oliveira Cable-Stayed Bridge in São Paulo, use inclined cables fixed to towers, giving them a modern and bold look. These types of bridges not only fulfill their structural function, but also become architectural landmarks in urban landscapes.
Brazilian bridges are iconic
Brazilian bridges are true engineering jewels. The Rio-Niterói Bridge, for example, is one of the longest in the world, connecting Rio de Janeiro to Niterói with its impressive 13,29 km of extension. Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge, in Brasília, stands out for its arched architecture and unique beauty, harmonizing perfectly with the landscape of Lake Paranoá.
The construction of a bridge involves several factors
When planning the construction of a bridge, several factors must be considered: functionality, safety, aesthetics, economy and durability. It is essential that the types of bridges chosen meet the specific needs of the site, harmonizing with the environment and culture of the region. Brazilian bridges exemplify how engineering can overcome technical and geographic challenges, creating structures that are both useful and charming.
Now that you've delved into the world of bridge types, you'll certainly never look at these structures the same way again. Whether it's crossing a suspension bridge and admiring its cables and towers, or realizing that that small gap is, in fact, a small bridge, you will have a new appreciation for the complexity and genius behind these works. Bridges are not just pathways; they are silent witnesses to the human capacity to connect and overcome obstacles, bridging distances and bringing hearts closer together.
Now that you know more about the different types of bridges and some of the most impressive Brazilian bridges, you can appreciate these structures that are part of our daily lives even more. But what about you, what type of bridge fascinates you the most and why? Share in the comments and let's continue this conversation!