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National Study Details Billions in Investments in Public Transport in the Northeast, Focusing on Sustainability, Efficiency, and Reduction of Carbon Emissions by 2054.
The Northeast was included in the National Urban Mobility Study with 50 projects aimed at expanding metros, VLTs, BRTs, and urban trains in the metropolitan areas.
The survey by BNDES, in partnership with the Ministry of Cities, defined 187 priority interventions in the country by 2054 and estimates environmental, economic, and road safety benefits: annual reduction of 3.1 million tons of CO₂, a decrease of about 10% in the average mobility cost, and savings exceeding R$ 200 billion associated with reduced travel time.
It is also projected that there will be prevention of 8,000 traffic deaths during this period.
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Although the study has national coverage, the set of northeastern capitals concentrates significant values.
Combined, the estimates for Fortaleza, Recife, Salvador, Natal, São Luís, Teresina, João Pessoa, and Maceió amount to approximately R$ 70.3 billion.
The actions prioritize medium and high-capacity systems, focusing on sustainable public transport and reduction of carbon emissions.
Environmental and Safety Estimates
According to the federal government, the ENMU portfolio places public transport at the center of the urban decarbonization agenda, emphasizing energy efficiency and emission reduction.
The document projects 3.1 million tons of CO₂ avoided per year, as well as 8,000 lives saved by 2054 across the 21 analyzed metropolitan regions.
The study also calculates a 10% average reduction in mobility costs for users as a result of increased efficiency and modal integration.
Investments by Northeastern Capital
The breakdown by capital indicates the values and the number of projects.
In Fortaleza (CE), the study forecasts 11 initiatives with the expansion of metro (49 km), VLT (9 km), and BRT (80 km), totaling R$ 21.6 billion.
In the Metropolitan Region of Recife (PE), the estimated investment is R$ 14.8 billion, with the requalification of metro lines and the implementation of new transport axes.
The study also projects a reduction of approximately 240 deaths in traffic by 2054 and 116.2 thousand tons of CO₂ less per year in the capital.
In Salvador (BA), the plan provides for R$ 13.1 billion for the expansion and integration of modes, including VLTs and BRTs, focusing on high-demand corridors along the waterfront and on structural roads.
For Natal (RN), R$ 6.2 billion is allocated for BRTs and VLTs, with metropolitan integration and coverage of urban growth areas.
In São Luís (MA), the projects total R$ 5.4 billion, with the implementation of BRT corridors and VLTs aimed at improving the connection between terminals and higher population density areas.
In Teresina (PI), the package reaches R$ 3.6 billion and includes the expansion of the rail system, integration with Timon (MA), and new medium-capacity corridors.
According to the study, the set of works can generate gains in travel time and productivity.
The Metropolitan Region of João Pessoa (PB) appears with five projects and an investment of R$ 3.5 billion, including a corridor between the Airport and Bessa and four main connections (Pedro II, Mangabeira, Bessa–Centro, and Cruz das Armas).
The final definition of the mode — whether VLT or BRT — will be made in the next planning stages.
Finally, Maceió (AL) has an estimated R$ 2.1 billion, with BRT on Avenida Fernandes Lima–Airport, VLT on Avenida Gustavo Paiva–Center, and integration between BRT and VLT, accompanied by requalification of the urban surroundings.
Guidelines for Financing and Integration
According to BNDES and the Ministry of Cities, ENMU was developed to guide a national long-term mobility strategy, serving as a reference for concessions and public-private partnerships (PPPs).
The government indicated that investment acceleration will depend on the financing model and private participation in the execution and operation of the systems, with complementary studies that will detail scopes, technologies, and timelines.
The president of BNDES, Aloizio Mercadante, stated that the study contributes to the creation of a public transport policy that is “sustainable, integrated, and safe,” built jointly between the Union, states, and municipalities.
The Minister of Cities, Jader Filho, emphasized that “investing in clean public transport is investing in more resilient cities and faster, safer travel.”
Scale and National Projections
With 187 projects mapped in the 21 largest metropolitan regions, the study estimates R$ 430 billion in potential investments by 2054.
The estimates are distributed among metros (R$ 230 billion), urban trains (R$ 31 billion), VLTs (up to R$ 105 billion), BRTs (up to R$ 80 billion), and exclusive corridors (R$ 3.4 billion).
There is also a calculation of savings exceeding R$ 200 billion from reduced travel time for the population.
According to BNDES technicians, the survey creates a reference portfolio to prioritize sustainable and high-capacity solutions, as well as to encourage integration between modes and federative governance.
The study also seeks to support projects stalled due to lack of technical structure or funding, providing a basis for raising new resources and partnerships.
Expected Impacts on Urban Daily Life
The study indicates that, if implemented in full, the projects should generate improvements in travel time, greater access to jobs and services, and reduction of operational costs.
In capitals like Recife, Fortaleza, and Salvador, the interventions include modernization of metro lines, new VLTs, and BRT corridors, measures that, according to BNDES, can make public transport more efficient and safer.
Mobility experts consulted by the study emphasize that integration between modes and the use of clean technologies are fundamental for reducing emissions and increasing energy efficiency in Brazilian cities.
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