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Critical offshore operation involves connection systems, pressure testing and real-time monitoring to prevent leaks
O oil offloading is the process that allows the transfer of crude oil from an offshore production unit, such as an FPSO, to a tanker. This operation ensures the flow of production to refineries or terminals on land. In Brazil, it occurs daily in pre-salt fields and requires a high level of control and safety.
Each maneuver involves positioning I need vessels, the connection of hose systems and a series of technical tests. The goal is clear: to prevent leaks and ensure that the oil is transported efficiently and safely to its final destination.
How is the approximation between units made?
The initial stage of the oil offloading begins with the tanker's approach. This phase requires rigorous calculations based on current, wind and vessel movement. Depending on the operation, the vessel may be positioned in tandem (at the stern of the FPSO) or side-by-side (alongside).
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To ensure stability, dynamic positioning (DP) systems or coordinated anchoring are used. In some cases, tugboats also participate in the alignment, especially in areas with adverse conditions.
Hose coupling and connection to tanker
With the positioning completed, the next step in oil offloading is the transfer and coupling of the cargo hose. This flexible, floating and reinforced tube is sent from the platform to the ship by means of winches, cranes or support vessels.
The hose is then connected to the ship's manifold using quick-connect couplings, called QCDC (Quick Connect/Disconnect Couplers). Before transfer, a leak-tightness test is performed to ensure there will be no leaks.
Transfer and monitoring during oil offloading
With everything connected, the line test is performed. The piping is pressurized with oil or inert fluid to check the integrity of the system. If approved, the oil offloading begins with continuous pumping of crude oil.
During operation, sensors monitor pressure, temperature and the presence of gases such as H₂S. Parameters such as density and water content (BSW) are also analyzed. The platform and ship teams maintain constant communication, ensuring a rapid response in the event of an anomaly.
Disengagement and end of offshore operation
After the transfer is complete, the system is purged with nitrogen or clean oil, reducing the risk of contamination. The hose is disconnected, safely retracted and stored. The tanker then proceeds to its destination with the cargo ready for processing onshore.
O oil offloading is essential for production continuous offshore. Without it, FPSOs and platforms would quickly reach their storage limit and would need to stop production.
