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Discover how a scientific breakthrough in thermoelectric materials from Tokyo University of Science could revolutionize energy efficiency and boost clean energy worldwide.
The search for clean and sustainable energy sources has finally gained significant momentum with a groundbreaking discovery in the field of thermoelectric materials. In November 13th, 2024, researchers from Tokyo University of Science (TUS) announced the results of a study published in the scientific journal PRX Energy.
They developed an efficient method to convert waste heat into usable electricity, using tungsten disilicide (WSi₂). This technology represents a new frontier for energy efficiency and opens up promising paths for diverse applications, such as industries and space satellites. Without a doubt, it consolidates the role of thermoelectric materials in the transition to clean energy.
Thermoelectric materials have the ability to transform heat directly into electricity. They capture waste heat from industrial processes and vehicle engines, converting it into useful energy.
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Thus, this capacity is essential to optimize the use of energy resources and reduce losses, promoting a more sustainable future. Among the practical applications, the following stand out: portable power generation for sensors on satellites and remote devices, where traditional energy sources are simply not viable.
Transverse thermoelectric devices: a more efficient alternative
Traditional thermoelectric devices, known as parallel, generate electricity in the same direction as the heat flow. However, this configuration requires the use of two types of materials – type p and type n – arranged in parallel. As a consequence, this creates a series of contact points that increase electrical resistance. Inevitably, this factor results in significant energy losses, limiting the efficiency of the system.
On the other hand, transverse thermoelectric devices generate electricity perpendicular to the heat flow. This mechanism drastically reduces the number of contact points and, consequently, the electrical resistance. Furthermore, This innovation is a game changer in the field of thermoelectric materials, as it enables more efficient and reliable energy conversion. The team at Tokyo University of Science, for example, began his investigations in 2022, focusing on the unique properties of tungsten disilicide. This material, remarkably, demonstrates the “axis-dependent conduction polarity” (ADCP), which allows the conduction of positive (p-type) and negative (n-type) charges in different directions within the same material.
Although transverse devices show great potential, the transverse thermoelectric effect (T) has been little explored until recently. However, the study conducted by the team of associate professor Ryuji Okazaki, from TUS, has finally demonstrated transverse thermoelectric conversion in the WSi₂. This discovery highlighted promising properties for future applications.
Tungsten disilicide: the material of the future for energy efficiency
O tungsten disilicide is a semimetal with a peculiar electronic structure that facilitates the conversion of heat into electricity. Studies carried out by the team of Japanese researchers proved that its unique ability to conduct electricity in specific directions originates from mixed-dimensional Fermi surfaces. This detailed analysis began in 2023, involving measurements of thermopower, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of the material. In simple terms, these surfaces represent theoretical regions that define the behavior of charge carriers within the material. In the case of WSi₂, electrons and holes (positive charges) operate in different dimensions, creating directed conductivity that enables TTE.
This discovery culminated in a series of experiments and simulations carried out by the researchers between 2023 and 2024. They analyzed the thermopower, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of the material along two distinct crystallographic axes. The study revealed that the WSi₂ has a unique structure, capable of generating electricity more efficiently and sustainably.
Furthermore, the researchers identified that variations in electrical conduction between different samples of WSi₂ are related to imperfections in the crystal structure of the material. This insight is undoubtedly crucial for tuning and optimizing material performance in thermoelectric devices.
Practical Impacts of Tokyo University of Science's Advancement
The research led by Tokyo University of Science opened up a new range of possibilities for the adoption of technologies based on thermoelectric materials. Devices that utilize the transverse thermoelectric effect can, in fact, be employed in advanced sensors capable of measuring temperature and heat flux with high precision. Furthermore, these devices have the potential to revolutionize energy efficiency in industrial sectors. This reduces waste and directly contributes to reducing carbon emissions.
The discovery of the WSi₂ as a promising material for TTE devices represents a significant step forward towards a more sustainable future. Certainly, this combination of scientific innovation and commitment to clean energy paves the way for the development of new sensors, wearable devices and other technologies that rely on power generation in challenging environments.
A more sustainable future
The progress achieved by Japanese researchers clearly demonstrates the importance of thermoelectric materials in the search for innovative energy solutions. Tungsten disilicide's ability to efficiently and sustainably convert heat into electricity reinforces its role as an essential material for cross-linked thermoelectric devices.
Combining cutting-edge science e practical application, the research of Tokyo University of Science offers a new perspective on energy conversion. In addition, it contributes significantly to global efforts to transition to clean and renewable energy sources. This technology undoubtedly has the potential to transform industrial sectors, expand the use of sensors in extreme environments and, above all, promote a more sustainable future.
Details of this study can be found here.
Incredible
Very interesting and innovative. Congratulations to the work team.