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Chinese scientists have created a silicon photovoltaic window capable of generating solar energy and regulating internal temperature, promising greater energy efficiency for homes and buildings.
Photovoltaics are transforming the construction industry, and new innovations are emerging frequently. A recent example comes from scientists at Hunan University, in China, who developed a smart solar window. The study was published by the magazine Science Direct.
This technology not only produces carbon-free electricity, but also acts as solar shading, bringing energy efficiency and comfort to buildings.
Innovative components of silicon photovoltaic window
This smart window combines several layers and advanced materials. Its elements include a transparent panel, silicon photovoltaic cells, a cavity filled with argon gas, an electrochromic film and a sheet of low-emissivity glass (Low-E).
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Low-E glass reduces heat loss in winter, while argon gas improves thermal insulation.
The photovoltaic cells, arranged in 3 mm strips behind the transparent glass, guarantee high capture of sunlight, with an estimated energy conversion efficiency of 11,8%. This design combines aesthetic functionality and sustainability.
Light and heat control with electrochromic film
The electrochromic film is the distinguishing feature of this technology. It is made up of layers that react to the application of electrical voltage.
In its normal state, the film is transparent, allowing light to pass through. When a voltage is applied, lithium ions move and react with the trioxide tungsten, making the film opaque. This process blocks some of the solar radiation, helping to prevent overheating in the hottest months.
The degree of opacity depends on the voltage applied, allowing personalized control of lighting and temperature in the internal environment.
Simulations for performance evaluation
Scientists tested the efficiency of smart windows using EnergyPlus software. The simulations considered two types of control: solar radiation and heat flux.
In the first case, the film becomes more opaque depending on the intensity of sunlight. In the second, the opacity varies depending on the amount of heat that passes through the glass.
The results showed that heat flux control is particularly effective. It significantly reduces the incidence of excessive light and improves the annual energy performance of the building. In addition, it reduces temperature differences throughout the day, contributing to greater thermal comfort.
Tests in different cities
During the tests, scientists compared the smart windows with traditional low-emissivity glass.
The simulations were carried out on buildings measuring 50 meters long, 4,6 meters deep and 2,7 meters high, located in Chinese cities such as Fuzhou, Xiamen, Hong Kong and Haikou.
The analysis period was between May and October, the period of greatest solar radiation. The data confirmed the superiority of smart technology in reducing energy consumption.
Promising future
The smart solar window promises to revolutionize sustainable architecture, integrating energy generation and thermal efficiency.
This technology is not yet available on the market, but it is already attracting global interest. With its multiple functions, it is a viable solution to meet the demands of modern and sustainable buildings.
