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Buying a used car can be a great option, but it requires attention to several details. Find out how to avoid problems with documentation, maintenance and fraud when choosing the ideal vehicle for you.
The used car market in Brazil continues to grow, despite the price increases that have occurred in recent years. Despite this, used vehicles still lead the way in sales, outselling brand-new cars by more than five times.
There is a clear explanation for this scenario: the main attraction of used cars is their cost-benefit ratio. However, experts warn that it is crucial to take certain precautions before closing a deal, ensuring that the price paid is fair and that the buyer is not surprised by problems.
To help with this process, we have put together a series of tips fundamentals to purchase a used car safely, from checking basic items to more complex analyses of the vehicle's documentation and mechanical condition. See all the details below.
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Vehicle documentation and history
One of the first steps when considering buying a used car is to check its documentation. Problems in this area can be much more complicated to resolve than physical damage, such as dents in the bodywork or damaged upholstery.
The buyer must use the number National Registry of Motor Vehicles (Renavam) to access basic vehicle information such as:
- Plate, brand and model;
- Year of manufacture and original color;
- Chassis number;
- History of fines, licensing and IPVA payment;
- Registered claims and serious accidents;
- Legal issues, such as seizures;
- Situation of robbery or theft.
Although some information is restricted, experts recommend issuing a precautionary report through specialized companies.
Mileage check
With the used car in hand, it's time to examine details such as the mileage, visible on the instrument panel. In Brazil, the average annual mileage is 15 km.
Therefore, a car manufactured in 2020 should have around 60 km on the odometer. However, it is important to consider the vehicle's history, as cars from rental companies or app drivers may have driven much more.
On the other hand, a number much lower than expected without a plausible justification is cause for alarm. Tenório Júnior points out that tampering with odometers is a common practice.
To avoid problems, look at other areas of the car that may indicate wear consistent with mileage:
- Brakes: excessive wear on pads, discs or drums;
- Flashlights: older models tend to be faded or less shiny;
- Interior: gear lever, steering wheel, pedals and driver's mats must show signs of use.
Engine and gearbox evaluation
The engine is the heart of the vehicle and requires special attention. Oil leaks, for example, are common problems that can be noticed visually. In severe cases, it may be necessary to remove the gearbox to fix the leak, resulting in high maintenance costs.
Another important point is the type of oil used in the car. Models that use an oil-immersed belt require extra care, as incorrect use of the lubricant can lead to serious damage, such as premature wear and belt breakage.
Low-quality oil can also damage pistons, increasing fuel consumption and reducing engine efficiency.
As for the gearbox, simple checks can help identify potential problems. In manual cars, the clutch should not only make the vehicle move at the end of the pedal stroke, and gear changes need to be smooth.
In automatic models, shifting between the P, R, N and D positions should occur without any jolts. Problems with this system can cost more than R$10 to fix.
Suspension and tires
The height of a car is a good indicator of its age. Older vehicles tend to have worn suspension springs, resulting in a lower body.
Shock absorbers are the components that suffer the most with use, and it is unlikely that a five-year-old car will have the same height as a new model.
Tires can also reveal important information. The date of manufacture is indicated on the so-called DOT (Department of Transportation), consisting of four digits indicating the week and year of production.
A 2017 car with tires manufactured in 2022, for example, has probably had their tires replaced recently. While this is not a cause for concern, it can be another factor to consider in the overall assessment.
Electrical system and airbag
On the instrument panel, some lights deserve special attention: electronic injection, ABS, stability control and oil.
If any of these lights remain on after ignition, there may be a need for maintenance. Tenório Júnior reports cases where car owners have removed lights from the dashboard to hide serious problems, such as low oil pressure, which can lead to the need for engine overhaul.
Another vital component is the airbag. The absence of this item in vehicles that have already been in a collision can be fatal in a new accident. Scammers can turn off warning lights on the dashboard and close the airbag compartment, giving the false impression that everything is in order.
Simple tests with automotive scanners help identify anomalies in the electrical system. As for components such as windows, locks and sound, simply test them during the inspection to identify problems.
Painting and bodywork
A vehicle's paint job can reveal a lot about its history. Gaps between doors, fenders, and hood should be evenly spaced. Any irregularities may indicate structural damage resulting from accidents.
When evaluating the paintwork, choose environments with artificial lighting and avoid looking at the car in direct sunlight or when it is wet, as these conditions make it difficult to identify ripples.
Inside, the condition of the upholstery and finish should also be compatible with the age of the car. Ripples in the paintwork or unusual wear can be warning signs.
In this first stage, we cover the main aspects related to documentation, mechanical condition and visual items that help ensure a safe and conscious purchase.
Next, we will continue exploring other relevant points in the process of purchasing a used car.
Final Checklist and Additional Tips
In the final stage of the acquisition, it is important to carry out a comprehensive checklist to ensure that no detail is overlooked. This includes both the mechanical part and the legal and aesthetic aspects. Start by reviewing all the documentation obtained, making sure that there are no outstanding issues, such as fines or overdue taxes. If possible, also consult a broker to verify the authenticity of the documents.
The mechanical inspection should include a test drive. During this test, pay attention to abnormal noises, suspension behavior, and engine performance.
Also, check that all electrical components, such as headlights, windshield wipers, and sensors, are working properly.
Another important point is to evaluate additional functions, such as the air conditioning system. Problems with this system can lead to high maintenance costs, so test it at different temperatures to check its effectiveness.
For buyers who want to ensure greater security, hiring a detailed technical inspection may be worthwhile. Specialized companies offer services that analyze the vehicle in its entirety, issuing a technical report with information about its history, mechanical condition and possible risks.
Tips for negotiation
Negotiation is a crucial step in buying a used car. Be prepared with all the information you have gathered about the vehicle to argue about the price.
Problems identified during the inspection can be used as a basis for requesting discounts. For example, if the vehicle needs tire replacements or shows signs of wear on the brake system, these costs should be factored into the final offer.
Don’t rush to finalize the deal. Compare similar offers on the market to make sure you’re getting a good deal. If possible, have a trusted mechanic perform a final inspection before signing any contract.
Buying a used car can be advantageous, but it requires attention to details that go beyond appearance. With the tips presented, it is possible to make a safe purchase, avoiding unpleasant surprises.
Following this step-by-step guide is essential to ensure a smart investment and, above all, a positive experience with your new vehicle.
I've already taken a lot on my head and now I'm looking to buy another car but I'm going with a mechanic I trust and I'm also thinking about taking a bodywork repairman I trust lol.
Great