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5G transmits data at frequencies close to those of Wi-Fi, but can these waves affect our bodies? Find out how this technology affects the environment around us.
As you read this article, electromagnetic waves are constantly passing through your body. From the light that illuminates your surroundings to the Wi-Fi signal that allows you to connect to the internet, everything works based on these invisible packets of energy, known as photons, which travel in electromagnetic waves. This form of radiation is literally what makes the modern world work.
From the signals sent by orbiting satellites to the Bluetooth technology that connects your phone to your car stereo, electromagnetic waves are everywhere. But while we are constantly immersed in this type of energy, not all radiation is dangerous. And this is precisely where the confusion surrounding the 5G.
The electromagnetic spectrum and the frequency of waves
O electromagnetic spectrum is a range that goes from low-frequency radio waves to highly energetic gamma rays. All of these waves travel at the speed of light, but they differ mainly in frequency, measured in hertz (Hz), which represents the number of oscillations per second.
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For example, visible light — which is the only part of the spectrum that we can see — is between 430 and 750 terahertz (THz), that is, trillions of oscillations per second. The waves used in cell phones and Wi-Fi networks, such as those in 4G, 5G and routers, operate at much lower frequencies, between hundreds of megahertz (MHz) and a few gigahertz (GHz).
The difference between these frequencies has a direct impact on the amount of energy carried by each wave. The higher the frequency, the greater the energy — and with it, the greater the potential to cause biological damage.
Ionizing radiation vs. non-ionizing radiation
A ionizing radiation — such as ultraviolet (UV) rays, X-rays and gamma rays — have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, a process that can damage important molecules such as DNA, leading to genetic mutations and the development of serious diseases.
On the other hand, non-ionizing radiation — where radio waves, microwaves, infrared and visible light itself fit in — does not have enough energy to cause this type of damage. This therefore includes all communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 4G and 5G.
Is 5G dangerous?
The technology 5G It currently operates at frequencies close to 3,5 GHz — exactly between the frequencies used by 2,4 GHz and 5 GHz home Wi-Fi networks. Compared to visible light, which has frequencies a thousand times higher, 5G waves are much less energetic.
Despite part of the population expressing concerns about the possible effects of 5G on health, no solid scientific evidence to date has linked these frequencies to the development of serious diseases. Several international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), have already stated that, within the recommended levels, exposure to 5G waves does not pose a risk to human health.
But doesn't the microwave heat food with waves?
Yes, and this is a great example of how different frequencies affect tissues differently. A microwave oven heats food because it operates at a specific frequency (~2,45 GHz) that excites water molecules, causing them to vibrate and generate heat. However, this requires high powers concentrated in a closed space — which is very far from the reality of everyday exposure to wireless communication networks, which use much lower power and are dispersed throughout the environment.
5G poses no risk to your health
The idea that the waves used by 5G can cause serious illnesses comes from a common confusion between different types of radiation. The fear is understandable — every new technology brings questions — but the scientific data available today is clear: 5G waves do not have enough energy to cause DNA damage.
This doesn’t mean that the technology should be exempt from studies — it’s crucial to continue researching the potential effects of prolonged exposure, as we do with any technological innovation. But the specific fear about health risks is not supported by current science.
If you are more interested in this topic and want to deepen your knowledge, check out the reliable sources below:
- World Health Organization – FAQ on 5G and health
- ICNIRP – International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
- ANATEL – Information about 5G in Brazil
- National Cancer Institute – Ionizing Radiation
