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The atmospheric system causes a sharp drop in temperatures in different regions of the country and maintains a frost alert in mountainous areas, while part of the Northeast faces the opposite scenario, with a risk of heavy rains
The weekend began with a sharp change in the thermometer for much of Brazil. A new polar air mass advanced over the country this Saturday (4) and caused a significant drop in temperatures in different regions, forcing those living in colder areas to take heavy coats out of the closet — or, better yet, turn on the heater before going to sleep.
According to information released by ND+, the system influences the weather in at least nine Brazilian states, with forecasts of lows close to 0°C in the South of the country, as well as intense cold reaching areas of the Southeast, Midwest, and North. In this sense, the strongest effects of the polar mass are felt precisely in the three states of the Southern Region, where highs do not exceed 12°C in several cities this Saturday.
Where the cold hits hardest this weekend
Meanwhile, cities in Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná woke up to temperatures close to freezing. In Santa Catarina, for example, the municipality of Urupema recorded 3°C in the early hours of the day, the lowest mark in the state. In much of the Santa Catarina territory, thermometers stayed below 10°C, except for Greater Florianópolis, the Itajaí Valley, and Northern Santa Catarina, regions that felt the cold more mildly.
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On the other hand, some more conservative meteorological models indicate that locations in northern Rio Grande do Sul and the Gaúcha and Catarinense mountains may record even lower temperatures, close to -5°C in the early morning hours — a value that usually falls below the measurements inside official meteorological shelters, as the temperature at the surface tends to be more extreme. Given this scenario, the Inmet (National Institute of Meteorology) maintains a frost alert in the Gaúcha and Catarinense mountains, with a real risk of losses in crops more sensitive to the cold.
Southeast, Midwest, and North also feel the chill
However, the cold is not restricted to the Southern Region. According to Inmet, there is also a forecast of temperature decline in areas of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso. In the Southeast, the weather remains dry in most states, with lows ranging between 6°C and 8°C — except for the São Paulo coast and northwest São Paulo, where highs remain much higher, between 24°C and 30°C, showing the typical thermal contrast of a continental territory like Brazil.
While the cold advances through the Center-South and reaches even the North of the country, a part of the Northeast is experiencing exactly the opposite scenario. Areas of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, and Paraíba remain under an orange alert for heavy rains, highlighting how, in the same weekend, Brazil can simultaneously register frost risk in one extreme and storm risk in the other.
Short respite: new cold front arrives on Monday
Even so, those expecting quick relief might be disappointed. Although the cold air mass begins to lose intensity as early as Sunday (5), the morning will remain chilly in much of the South and Southeast, with highs rising only gradually — reaching about 16°C in parts of the Southern Region, but remaining below 14°C in the mountainous areas and the Gaúcha Campaign.
Furthermore, the respite promises to be short-lived: already on Monday (6), a new cold front will reinforce the polar air mass, especially over Rio Grande do Sul. In the Gaúcha Campaign, minimum temperatures may again approach 0°C, while highs should remain below 14°C in various locations. In other regions of the country, the forecast is for stable weather and low chance of rain, except for the Southern Region itself, part of the North, and the coastal strip of the Northeast, where instability is expected to persist.
